Main Article Content

Abstract

This study examines the effect of employee competence on performance and tests whether leadership style mediates this relationship in Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) Area Banjarmasin. Competence is positioned as a core dimension of human resource development that enhances work effectiveness, while leadership style shapes the extent to which competence is translated into employee performance. A quantitative survey was conducted with 60 employees purposively selected from six BSI sub-branch offices. Data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS. The results show that (1) competence has a positive effect on leadership style; (2) leadership style positively affects employee performance; (3) competence directly improves employee performance; and (4) leadership style significantly mediates the competence–performance relationship. The structural model explains 76.9% (R² = 0.769) of the variance in employee performance, demonstrating a robust model with strong predictive power for employee outcomes in Islamic banking. This study contributes to Islamic banking and organizational behavior literature by clarifying how contextually grounded leadership style mediates the competence–performance link in a Sharia-compliant banking environment.

Keywords

Competence Leadership Style Employee Performance Islamic Banking

Article Details

Author Biography

Laila Refiana Said, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Management Departement, Faculty of Economics and Business, University Lambung Mangkurat Banjarmasin, Indonesia,

How to Cite
Wulansari, I. W., & Said, L. R. (2026). Leadership Style as a Mediator Between Employee Competence and Performance in Islamic Banking: A Case Study of BSI Area Banjarmasin. Ilomata International Journal of Management, 7(1), 403-419. https://doi.org/10.61194/ijjm.v7i1.1999

References

  1. Abdelwahed, N. A. A., Al Doghan, M. A., Saraih, U. N., & Soomro, B. A. (2025). Unleashing potential: Islamic leadership’s influence on employee performance via Islamic organizational values, organizational culture and work motivation. International Journal of Law and Management, 67(2), 165–190. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-01-2024-0019
  2. Abdul Mutalib, M., Rafiki, A., & Wan Razali, W. M. F. A. (2022). Principles and Practice of Islamic Leadership. In International Journal of Islamic Business (Vol. 9, Issue 3). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0908-5
  3. Alhammadi, S., Alotaibi, K. O., & Hakam, D. F. (2022). Analysing Islamic banking ethical performance from Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah perspective: evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 12(4), 1171–1193. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2020.1848179
  4. Apreku-Djan, E., Assumeng, J., & Ofori, D. (2022). Exploring the relationship between managerial competence and organizational performance in Ghanaian banks. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 13(1), 58–75. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJOEMS-02-2021-0036
  5. Asif, M., Ullah, Z., & Akhtar, M. W. (2025). A moderated-mediation model linking transformational leadership to job performance. Acta Psychologica, 259, 105020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105020
  6. Aslam, S., Saleem, A., Kumar, T., & Parveen, K. (2022). New Normal: Emergence of Situational Leadership During COVID-19 and Its Impact on Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 919941. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.919941
  7. Bachmid, S. (2021). The Influence of Leadership Styles and Work Motivation on Employees Performance of Islamic Banks. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis, 04(09), 123–129. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v4-i9-08
  8. Bahari, S., Al Zarliani, W. O., Sumail, L. O., Hapsari, I., Bugis, H., & Hasddin, H. (2025). Integration of leadership styles and its impact on work motivation and managerial effectiveness in Islamic banking‎. Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba, 11(2), 667–692. https://doi.org/10.20885/jielariba.vol11.iss2.art1
  9. Bakker, A. B., Hetland, J., Kjellevold Olsen, O., & Espevik, R. (2023). Daily transformational leadership: A source of inspiration for follower performance? European Management Journal, 41(5), 700–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2022.04.004
  10. Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. Free Press.
  11. Boyatzis, R. E. (2008). Competencies in the 21st Century. Journal of Management Development, 27(1), 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710810840730
  12. Budi Cahyono, A., & Nur, N. (2023a). The Influence of Leadership Style and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance. Journal of World Science, 2(11), 1894–1906. https://doi.org/10.58344/jws.v2i11.489
  13. Budi Cahyono, A., & Nur, N. (2023b). The Influence of Leadership Style and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance. Journal of World Science, 2(11), 1894–1906. https://doi.org/10.58344/jws.v2i11.489
  14. Dewi, N. N., & Wibowo, R. (2020). The effect of leadership style, organizational culture and motivation on employee performance. Management Science Letters, 9(3), 2037–2044. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.2.008
  15. Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
  16. Garzón-Lasso, F., Serrano-Malebrán, J., Arenas-Arango, S., & Molina, C. (2024). Full Range Leadership Style and Its Effect on Effectiveness, Employee Satisfaction, and Extra Effort: An Empirical Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1380935. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1380935
  17. Guenther, P., Guenther, M., Ringle, C. M., Zaefarian, G., & Cartwright, S. (2023). Improving PLS-SEM use for business marketing research. Industrial Marketing Management, 111, 127–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2023.03.010
  18. Güney, N. (2024). Maqāsid al-Sharī‘a in Islamic Finance: A Critical Analysis of Modern Discourses. Religions, 15(1), 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15010114
  19. Hair, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109, 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069
  20. Hang, T. N. (2024). Leadership style and employee performance in the context of organizational change: Evidence from emerging markets. Journal of Management Development, 43(2), 145–162. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-05-2023-0176
  21. Hauff, S., Richter, N. F., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2024). Importance and performance in PLS-SEM and NCA: Introducing the combined importance-performance map analysis (cIPMA). Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 78, 103723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103723
  22. Henseler, J., & Schuberth, F. (2023). Partial least squares as a tool for scientific inquiry: comments on Cadogan and Lee. European Journal of Marketing, 57(6), 1737–1757. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-06-2021-0416
  23. Huang, Q., Wang, L., Huang, H., Tang, H., Liu, J., & Chen, C. (2025). Transformational leadership, psychological empowerment, work engagement and intensive care nurses’ job performance: A cross-sectional study using structural equation modeling. BMC Nursing, 24(1), 1025. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03685-7
  24. Hutabarat, L., Sihombing, N. S., Herlambang, S. P., Siregar, P. N. U. S., & Sitompul, J. (2023). The Effect of Competence, Compensation, Workload, and Work Motivation toward Employee Performance. International Journal of Finance, Economics and Business, 2(1), 84–92. https://doi.org/10.56225/ijfeb.v2i1.171
  25. Hwang, C.-Y., Kim, T.-Y., & Lee, D.-H. (2023). Coaching leadership and creative performance: A serial mediation model of psychological empowerment and constructive voice behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1077594. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1077594
  26. Jarbou, S. I., Irimia-Diéguez, A., & Prieto-Rodríguez, M. (2024). Financial performance of Islamic and conventional banks in MENA region: a GLS approach. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 15. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-11-2023-0380
  27. Kim, S.-S., Choi, S. L., & Kang, S.-W. (2025). Impact of empowering leadership on adaptive performance in hybrid work: A serial mediation effect of knowledge sharing and employee agility. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1448820. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1448820
  28. Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., Schaufeli, W. B., de Vet, H. C. W., & van der Beek, A. J. (2014a). Conceptual frameworks of individual work performance: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(3), 231–240. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000118
  29. Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., Schaufeli, W. B., de Vet, H. C. W., & van der Beek, A. J. (2014b). Conceptual frameworks of individual work performance: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(3), 231–240. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000118
  30. Lai, F.-Y., Tang, H.-C., Lu, S.-C., Lee, Y.-C., & Lin, C.-C. (2020). Transformational Leadership and Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement. Sage Open, 10(1), 2158244019899085. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019899085
  31. Lousã, E. P., Alves, M. P., & Koopmans, L. (2024). Adaptation and Validation of the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire into a Portuguese Version. Administrative Sciences, 14(7), 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14070150
  32. Mbogo, J. S., & Mnyavanu, A. M. (2025). EFFECTS OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON STAFF PERFORMANCE IN COMMERCIAL BANKS WITH EVIDENCE FROM THE NMB KINONDONI BRANCH. Journal of Governance and Security Studies, 1(1), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.59645/jgss.v1i1.610
  33. Mochklas, M. (2022). THE INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP STYLE, ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND WORK MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE. Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 9(2), 34–46. https://doi.org/10.56943/jmr.v1i1.28
  34. Nöthel, S., Nübold, A., Uitdewilligen, S., Schepers, J., & Hülsheger, U. R. (2023). Development and Validation of the Adaptive Leadership Behavior Scale (ALBS). Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1149371. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1149371
  35. Oroh, O., Yusuf Ariyadi, M., & Fauzan Fadlan, A. (2024). The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Employee Motivation and Performance in the Banking Industry. International Journal of Management Science and Information Technology, 4(2), 336–345. https://doi.org/10.35870/ijmsit.v4i2.3098
  36. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2023a). Laporan Tahunan OJK 2023. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.
  37. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2023b). Laporan Tahunan OJK 2023. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.
  38. Pasaribu, S. B., Goestjahjanti, F. S., Srinita, S., Novitasari, D., & Haryanto, B. (2022). The Role of Situational Leadership on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), and Employee Performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 896539. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.896539
  39. Pazetto, C. F., Luiz, T. T., & Beuren, I. M. (2023). Empowering leadership for contextual performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 73(4), 1005–1026. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-04-2022-0195
  40. Pham, T. P., Nguyen, H. Q., Do, D. T., & others. (2024). Organizational culture and service performance in financial institutions: Evidence from emerging markets. Sustainability, 16(15), 6366. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156366
  41. Rabbad, R., Justiana Astuti, H., Tubastuvi, N., & Cinintya Pratama, B. (2024). The effect of Islamic leadership, organizational culture, motivation, work environment, and job satisfaction on employee performance. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 13(3), 205–222. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v13i3.3402
  42. Rehman, A., & Khan, M. A. (2020). The Role of Transformational Leadership in Enhancing Employee Creativity: Evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 6(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm06010006
  43. Robbins, S. P., & Coulter, M. (2020). Management (15th ed.). Pearson.
  44. Sabran, S., Ekowati, V. M., & Supriyanto, A. S. (2022). The Interactive Effects of Leadership Styles on Counterproductive Work Behavior: An Examination Through Multiple Theoretical Lenses. Quality - Access to Success, 23(188), 145–151. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/23.188.21
  45. Saragih, R., Pradana, M., Wijaksana, T. R., Arwiyah, Y., & Fadhillah, N. (2021a). Antecedents of Work Performance: The Effect of Leadership Style and Work Motivation. Journal of Management Information and Decision Sciences, 24(6), 1–8.
  46. Saragih, R., Pradana, M., Wijaksana, T. R., Arwiyah, Y., & Fadhillah, N. (2021b). Antecedents of Work Performance: The Effect of Leadership Style and Work Motivation. Journal of Management Information and Decision Sciences, 24(6), 1–8.
  47. Sodiq, A., Tri Ratnasari, R., & Mawardi, I. (2024). Analysis of the effect of Islamic Leadership and Job Satisfaction on sharia engagement and employee performance of Islamic Banks in Indonesia. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2362772. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2362772
  48. Spencer, L. M., & Spencer, S. M. (1993). Competence at work: Models for superior performance. John Wiley \& Sons.
  49. Wang, C., Zhang, S., & Zhang, X. (2022). How to Embrace Sustainable Performance via Green Learning Orientation: A Moderated Mediating Model. Sustainability, 14(13), 7933. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137933
  50. Wang, S., Feng, K., Wang, H., & Li, Y. (2025). Inclusive leadership and employee job performance: Mediation of leader-member exchange and organizational identification. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1615144. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1615144
  51. Wang, X., Liu, Y., Peng, Z., Li, B., Liang, Q., Liao, S., & Liu, M. (2024). Situational Leadership Theory in Nursing Management: A Scoping Review. BMC Nursing, 23(1), 930. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02582-9
  52. Widayanto, T., & Nugroho, S. H. (2022). The Influence Of Leadership, Organizational Culture, And Work Competence On Employee Performance Through Work Motivation. Jurnal Pamator : Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Trunojoyo, 15(2), 218–234. https://doi.org/10.21107/pamator.v15i2.18807
  53. Xia, F., Lu, P., & Wang, L. (2024). Leader ethical voice and subordinate job performance: The chain mediating role of subordinate identification with leader and leader-member exchange. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1340769. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1340769
  54. Yahaya, R., & Segbenya, M. (2023). Modelling the influence of managerial competence on managerial performance in the Ghanaian banking sector. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 855. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02384-5
  55. Zulkifli, R., Amalia, S., Muflih, M., Dewi, N., Huda, M., & others. (2023). Employee performance of Sharia Bank in Indonesia: Mediating role of organizational innovation and knowledge sharing. Cogent Business & Management, 10(1), 2273609. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2273609