Ilomata International Journal of Management
Ilomata International Journal of Management, with ISSN: 2714-8963 (Online) and 2714-8971 (Print), is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access scholarly journal published by Yayasan Sinergi Kawula Muda, a legally established non-profit foundation registered under Decree No. AHU-0003890.AH.01.04.Tahun.2023. The journal is dedicated to advancing management science by publishing high-quality research that contributes to both theoretical development and practical applications across private, public, and non-profit sectors. The journal provides a platform for academics, researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and professionals to disseminate original research articles, review articles, conceptual papers, and case studies. Through a rigorous peer-review process, the journal promotes academic excellence, innovation, and evidence-based management practices that support organizational effectiveness and sustainable development. Published quarterly in collaboration with the Asosiasi Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia (ARIMBI), the journal serves as a globally accessible forum for scholarly discussions on contemporary management issues. It encourages interdisciplinary perspectives that integrate management science with business, economics, information systems, behavioral sciences, communication studies, and public administration. As an accredited journal in the Science and Technology Index (SINTA), the journal is indexed and abstracted in several reputable databases, including GARUDA, Google Scholar, Crossref, and Dimensions. The journal has also established international visibility through publications and citations indexed in the Scopus database. The journal maintains a strong commitment to academic integrity and ethical publishing practices in accordance with the principles established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). By adhering to international publication standards, the journal ensures the quality, originality, and scholarly contribution of all published manuscripts. With its commitment to open-access principles, the journal provides free and unrestricted access to all published content, supporting global knowledge dissemination and fostering collaboration among researchers, educators, practitioners, and policymakers. The journal welcomes contributions that offer innovative insights, empirical evidence, theoretical advancements, and practical implications in the field of management science. For more information regarding manuscript submission, publication ethics, peer-review procedures, and editorial policies, please visit the journal website: https://www.ilomata.org/index.php/ijjm . Focus and Scope The journal welcomes original research articles, review articles, conceptual papers, and case studies in management and related disciplines. The scope of the journal includes, but is not limited to, the following areas: Business Management International Management Strategic Management Human Resource Management Organizational Behavior Leadership and Organizational Development Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management Technology and Innovation Management Management Information Systems Information Systems and Digital Transformation Operations and Supply Chain Management Logistics and Transportation Management Financial Management Corporate Finance Marketing Management Consumer Behavior Public Sector Management Educational Management Communication Management Project Management Knowledge Management Risk Management Tourism Management Hospitality Management Sustainable Business and Management Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) Management Business Analytics and Data-Driven Decision Making Cross-Cultural and Global Management The journal particularly encourages interdisciplinary research that integrates management science with business, economics, information systems, behavioral sciences, public administration, communication studies, and emerging technologies. Studies addressing organizational adaptability, innovation, sustainability, digital transformation, strategic decision-making, and contemporary management challenges at local, national, and global levels are highly encouraged. Please read further explanations of our focus and scope. ```
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Behavioural Drivers of Financial Well-Being Among Private School Teachers: Reconsidering the Role of Saving Habits
This study examines the relationships among financial literacy, risk tolerance, future time perspective, saving habits, and financial well-being. This empirical model addresses limited evidence in research on teachers' context related to financial well-being. This study used a quantitative approach, employing a questionnaire administered to private school teachers in Jakarta. The data were collected from 160 non-certified private school teachers who were aged 23 to 55. Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) were used to analysed the data. The findings show that future time perspective is the strongest predictor, with positive effects on both financial well-being and saving habits. Saving habits also enhance financial well-being, suggesting that routine saving behaviour plays an important role in strengthening teachers' perceived financial security. Financial literacy does not directly improve financial well-being, but it significantly promotes saving habits, indicating that financial knowledge becomes more meaningful when translated into disciplined financial behaviour. Risk tolerance shows no significant direct and indirect effect on financial well-being, implying that willingness to take financial risks may not necessarily support well-being through saving behaviour. Then, saving habits were not proven to be a mediator between financial literacy, risk tolerance, future time perspective, and financial well-being. This is because saving is a necessity in the context of urban workers in big cities, so financial behaviour is not always initiated by intention, but rather by conditions that require them to survive. This study highlights the importance of future-oriented thinking and consistent saving habits as key behavioural foundations of financial well-being.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jul Aidil Fadli, Putra Tegar Satya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Linking Perceived Organizational Support and Ethical Leadership to Employee Wellbeing: The Mediating Role of Job Crafting
This study examines how perceived organizational support and ethical leadership influence employee wellbeing in foreign-invested plantation organizations, addressing a gap in the literature regarding the distinct roles of behavioral and attitudinal mediators in labor-intensive contexts. While prior studies often position job crafting and work engagement as complementary mechanisms, this study explicitly compares their mediating roles within a single framework. Using a quantitative design, data were collected from 170 employees out of a population of 258 through a census-based approach and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that perceived organizational support (β = 0.290, p < 0.05) and ethical leadership (β = 0.372, p < 0.05) have significant positive effects on employee wellbeing. Job crafting also has a significant positive effect on wellbeing and significantly mediates the relationships between perceived organizational support and wellbeing as well as between ethical leadership and wellbeing (p < 0.05). In contrast, work engagement does not have a significant direct or mediating effect (p > 0.05). These findings emphasize job crafting as the key empirically supported mechanism linking organizational support and ethical leadership to employee wellbeing, highlighting the importance of proactive work behaviors over attitudinal states in plantation settings. This study contributes to the literature by clarifying the differential roles of mediators and provides practical implications for designing interventions that foster employee-initiated job redesign to enhance wellbeing in labor-intensive industries.
Copyright (c) 2026 Darmilisani Darmilisani, Saimara A. M. Sebayang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Direct Marketing, Relationship Marketing, Purchasing Decisions on Consumer Loyalty in Micro-Scale Retail Business
This study addresses the limited empirical understanding of how direct marketing and relationship marketing contribute to consumer loyalty in micro-scale retail businesses, particularly through the role of purchase decisions as a mediating mechanism. Focusing on minimarket-format micro retailers selling daily necessities in Jember Regency, East Java, the research aims to examine the direct and indirect effects of these marketing approaches on consumer loyalty. Data were collected from 270 consumers selected through purposive sampling and analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS. The findings indicate that both direct marketing and relationship marketing significantly influence purchase decisions, while only relationship marketing has a direct and significant effect on consumer loyalty; direct marketing affects loyalty indirectly through purchase decisions. Purchase decisions themselves significantly enhance consumer loyalty. These results provide context-specific evidence that clarifies how marketing practices shape loyalty formation in micro-scale retail settings and offer practical guidance for small retailers seeking to strengthen customer retention through targeted marketing strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Feti Fatimah, Budi Santoso, Jekti Rahayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Understanding Tourists’ Environmental Responsibility: Testing a Behavioral Model in the Thousand Islands from a Quality Tourism Perspective
Tourism destinations increasingly face environmental pressures resulting from growing visitor numbers, particularly in island destinations where ecological resources are highly vulnerable. Within the quality tourism paradigm, tourists are expected to act not only as consumers but also as responsible environmental stakeholders. This study empirically examines the relationships among place dependence, place identity, environmental knowledge, destination social responsibility (DSR), personal norms, and environmentally responsible behavior (ERB) among visitors to the Thousand Islands, Indonesia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 310 tourists and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that place dependence, place identity, environmental knowledge, destination social responsibility, and personal norms all positively influence ERB, with environmental knowledge emerging as the strongest predictor. The model demonstrates substantial explanatory power (R² = 0.80). Regarding moderation effects, DSR does not significantly strengthen the relationship between place dependence and ERB, while its interaction with place identity is significant but negative, suggesting that strong emotional attachment may reduce reliance on external sustainability cues. Personal norms do not significantly moderate the relationship between environmental knowledge and ERB. By integrating established constructs from place attachment, norm activation, and sustainable tourism research within a quality tourism framework, this study contributes to understanding how cognitive, emotional, and moral factors jointly shape environmentally responsible behavior among tourists. The findings offer practical implications for destination managers seeking to encourage sustainable visitor behavior through environmental education, place-based experiences, and visible sustainability initiatives.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ginta Ginting, Anisa Zahwa Akbara, Yulita Suryantati, Sri Ismulyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Necessity-Driven Entrepreneurship, Job Creation, and Structural Unemployment: Cross-Country Panel Evidence with Qualitative Insights
This study examines the association between necessity-driven entrepreneurship (NDE), job creation, and structural unemployment using a convergent mixed-methods design. The quantitative strand uses cross-country panel data from 45 countries over 2013–2023, drawing on GEM, World Bank, ILO, and governance datasets. Two-way fixed-effects models with Driscoll–Kraay standard errors are complemented by system GMM robustness checks and bootstrap-based mediation tests. The qualitative strand draws on 12 semi-structured interviews with necessity entrepreneurs, policy officials, entrepreneurship program administrators, and labor market experts to contextualize the quantitative patterns. The findings indicate that higher NDE is associated with lower structural unemployment and higher formal employer entry, with evidence consistent with a partial formal job-creation pathway linking NDE and structural unemployment. The results further suggest that institutional support and human capital condition the strength of these associations. Interview evidence illustrates plausible mechanisms, including regulatory friction, financing constraints, formalization barriers, and managerial capability gaps. Because the study relies on observational cross-country data and formal-sector proxies, the findings should be interpreted as evidence of conditional associations rather than definitive causal effects. The study contributes by clarifying the circumstances under which NDE may function as a productive labor market adjustment mechanism.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hery Margono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Emotional Intelligence and Workplace Well-Being on Work-Life Balance among Married Female Civil Servants in The Government of Kediri City
This study aims to examine the influence of emotional intelligence and workplace well-being on work-life balance, with employee engagement as a mediating variable. The research focuses on married female civil servants in Kediri. The background of this study is the gender role disparity in Indonesia, where women are often culturally expected to be the primary caregivers at home despite their significant professional roles. This research uses a quantitative approach involving 97 married female civil servants in Kediri. Data were collected through a survey using a questionnaire: emotional intelligence, workplace well-being, employee engagement, and work-life balance. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares (PLS), a component of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). PLS was chosen for its capability in testing inter-variable relationships while validating mediation models. Instrument validity and reliability were tested beforehand to ensure data accuracy. The findings indicate that emotional intelligence has a significant positive effect on work-life balance (p=0.000; t=4.585) and employee engagement (p=0.000; t=5.081). Workplace well-being does not have a direct effect on work-life balance (p=0.334; t=0.428), but significantly increases employee engagement (p=0.000; t=4.537). Employee engagement positively mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and workplace well-being with work-life balance (p=0.002; t=2.860). These findings offer theoretical contributions by strengthening mediation models in the context of gender and public sector, and practical implications for the Government of Kediri.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wahyuningtyas, Shine Pintor Siolemba Patiro, Mafizatun Nurhayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
E-Government and Public Service Performance: The Role of Good Governance among Non-Metropolitan Local Governments in Jambi, Indonesia
This study investigates the interplay between e-government initiatives and public service performance, focusing on the implications of good governance in non-metropolitan local governments in Jambi, Indonesia. The ongoing challenge of enhancing public service performance in decentralized governance is underscored, as many local governments struggle to provide efficient and effective services. While e-government has been widely adopted as a solution, its outcomes are inconsistent across different institutional settings, prompting an exploration of governance's role in facilitating digital transformation. This research delineates good governance as a moderating variable in the e-government-public service performance nexus, contrasting with previous studies that primarily viewed governance as a direct or mediating factor. Employing a quantitative methodology with an explanatory design, this study analyzes data from cross-sectional surveys conducted among 377 civil servants in Kerinci Regency and Sungai Penuh City, utilizing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) for analysis. Findings reveal that e-government positively influences public service performance significantly, and good governance also exerts a significant direct impact. However, the moderating effect of good governance is found to be non-significant, indicating that both governance and e-government function as independent determinants of public service performance, rather than in concert. This research challenges the prevailing notion that governance universally enhances digital transformation efficacy within the public sector, particularly in non-metropolitan contexts. It is important to interpret these findings with caution due to limitations in measurement reliability, as indicated by relatively low alpha and marginal Average Variance Extracted values for certain constructs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ferry Siswadhi, Tri Widyatuti, Ni Nyoman Sawitri, Hadita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From Social Exclusion to Impulsive Buying: FOMO’s Role in Digital Consumption Regret
Introduction: Shoppertainment platforms such as TikTok Shop and Shopee Live combine live interaction, social proof, scarcity cues, and instant checkout, creating a shopping setting that can heighten emotional arousal among Generation Z consumers. This study examines how social exclusion, fear of missing out, online impulsive buying, and post-purchase regret operate together in Indonesian shoppertainment. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted among Indonesian Generation Z users of TikTok Shop and Shopee Live. Validated reflective measures were adapted from prior studies and translated through forward and back translation. The data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling with bootstrapping. Results: The findings show that social exclusion is strongly associated with FOMO, but its direct association with online impulsive buying is not significant. FOMO is positively associated with online impulsive buying and post-purchase regret, while online impulsive buying is positively associated with post-purchase regret. Mediation testing indicates that FOMO fully mediates the relationship between social exclusion and online impulsive buying, and online impulsive buying partially mediates the relationship between FOMO and post-purchase regret. Conclusion: FOMO is the central psychological pathway through which social exclusion is translated into impulsive purchases in shoppertainment. The study highlights the ethical need for platforms and brands to reduce manipulative urgency cues and protect consumer agency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amdar Amdar, Elia Ardyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Systematic Literature Review Based on the PRISMA Framework: The Influence of Talent Management on Employee Performance
Talent management has emerged as a strategic approach to improving employee performance; however, previous empirical findings remain fragmented and methodologically diverse, limiting a comprehensive understanding of its overall impact. This study aims to systematically examine the relationship between talent management and employee performance while identifying dominant methodological trends in the literature. Using a systematic literature review approach, relevant articles published in reputable academic databases were analyzed based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings indicate that talent management consistently contributes to enhancing employee performance through improved employee engagement, competency development, organizational commitment, and retention. Nevertheless, these findings should be interpreted as indicative patterns rather than definitive causal relationships due to variations in research designs and analytical approaches across studies. In addition, the review reveals that quantitative methods dominate previous research, while integrative and longitudinal perspectives remain limited. This study contributes to clarifying the current state of evidence, identifying methodological limitations, and offering practical implications for organizations in developing more adaptive and sustainable talent management strategies, while also recommending future research using longitudinal designs, mixed-method approaches, and more rigorous analytical integration.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arie Hendra Saputro, Suwatno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
What Drives Eco-Friendly Toy Purchases? The Mediating Role of Consumer Attitude
This study investigates consumers’ purchase intention toward eco-friendly toys in Batam, Indonesia. In this context, product safety and environmental considerations intersect in parental decision-making yet remain underexplored in green marketing research. Drawing on the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) framework, the study examines how key external stimuli shape internal evaluations and subsequent behavioral intentions. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted with 499 parents who had purchased or considered purchasing toys for their children, and the data were analyzed using PLS-SEM. The findings reveal that consumer attitude plays a central mediating role, translating external cues into purchase intention, with health-related considerations emerging as the most influential driver of attitudes relative to other factors. This highlights the distinctiveness of eco-friendly toys as a product category in which perceived safety and health benefits outweigh purely environmental motives. The study contributes theoretically by extending the SOR framework into a child-related consumption context in an emerging market, demonstrating that attitudinal formation is primarily anchored in protective and trust-based evaluations. Empirically, the results underscore that, in Batam, purchase intention toward eco-friendly toys is driven more by health-oriented concerns than by environmental considerations alone, offering a more context-specific understanding of green consumer behaviour.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andina Fasha, Golan Hasan, Vebbie Kavitan, Shafie Mohamed Zabri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative Efficiency Analysis of Conventional and Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia, 2020–2024: Evidence from Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
Indonesia operates a dual banking system in which Conventional Commercial Banks (BUK) and Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS) coexist under OJK supervision, yet an updated post-pandemic empirical reassessment covering the full 2020–2024 window that jointly applies CRS and VRS specifications and complements DEA with a formal non-parametric group comparison remains limited. This study estimates an output-oriented intermediation DEA model under both specifications using four inputs (total assets, operating expenses, third-party funds/DPK, and capital) and four outputs (loans or financing, interest income or profit-sharing, net income, and operating income) for a purposive sample of 11 BUK and 5 BUS (n = 80 bank-year observations). Because the Shapiro–Wilk test rejected normality for both groups under both specifications (p < 0.001), the Mann–Whitney U test was employed. Under CRS, Asymp. Sig. = 0.194 (> 0.05) indicates no significant overall technical-efficiency gap; under VRS, Asymp. Sig. = 0.018 (< 0.05) indicates a statistically significant difference with BUS attaining a higher mean rank (48.46 vs. 36.88), best interpreted as a scale-adjusted pure technical efficiency advantage. Both bank categories recorded mean efficiency scores below 1.00 under both specifications, signalling persistent inefficiency; the significant VRS result combined with the non-significant CRS result indicates that BUS inefficiency is largely scale-driven rather than managerial. Findings should be interpreted with caution given the inherently small BUS sample (n = 5 banks), which constrains statistical power and limits generalizability beyond the study's inclusion criteria.
Copyright (c) 2026 Denia Maulani, Kusnadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strategic Decision-Making Agility and Organizational Resilience During Economic Uncertainty: Evidence from a Quantitative Corporate Survey
This study investigates the role of strategic decision-making agility in enhancing organizational resilience under conditions of economic uncertainty. Although prior studies have examined strategic agility and organizational performance, limited empirical research has explored the internal mechanisms linking strategic decision-making agility, dynamic capabilities, and organizational resilience in developing-country contexts. This study addresses that gap by examining the mediating role of dynamic capabilities and the moderating role of digital readiness. A quantitative approach was employed using survey data collected from 250 managers working in manufacturing, logistics, and service companies. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that strategic decision-making agility positively affects organizational resilience and significantly strengthens dynamic capabilities. Dynamic capabilities were also found to positively influence organizational resilience and partially mediate the relationship between strategic decision-making agility and organizational resilience. In addition, digital readiness significantly moderates the relationship between strategic decision-making agility and organizational resilience, indicating that organizations with stronger technological preparedness are better able to translate agile decision-making into resilience outcomes. This study contributes to strategic management literature by integrating strategic decision-making agility, dynamic capabilities, digital readiness, and organizational resilience into a single empirical framework within a developing-country context. The findings suggest that organizational resilience during periods of economic uncertainty depends not only on rapid and adaptive decision-making, but also on the organization’s capability development and technological preparedness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sanco Simanullang, Leni Cahyani, Yeyen Subandi, Ratna Rintaningrum, Astri Wulandari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bridging SROI and Marketing Theory in CSR Evaluation: Beneficiary Perceived Social Return as a Psychometric Construct among Indonesian CSR Beneficiaries
Measuring CSR impact faces two intertwined limitations. Social Return on Investment (SROI) takes an external vantage point and cannot capture what beneficiaries actually experience, while value and satisfaction frameworks from marketing research remain unintegrated into CSR evaluation. Related constructs such as perceived impact and psychological empowerment touch on beneficiaries' psychological responses but neither bridges SROI's accountability logic with marketing's value-satisfaction mechanisms, nor yields psychometric instruments suited to causal modeling. This study develops Beneficiary Perceived Social Return (BPSR), a new psychometric construct that, to the authors' knowledge, first integrates SROI's social-return logic with marketing's value-satisfaction framework by operationalizing beneficiaries' perceived transformation across four dimensions: Behavioral Self-Regulation Return, Applied Competence Return, Prosocial Awareness Return, and Community Engagement Return. A four-variable causal model spanning CSR Implementation (CSRI), BPSR, Beneficiary Perceived Value (BPV), and Beneficiary Satisfaction (BSAT) was tested via PLS-SEM on 305 beneficiaries of the PLN Peduli CSR program in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. All ten hypotheses were supported. BPSR showed strong psychometric performance (AVE = 0.751; CR = 0.923) and discriminant validity against every other construct. CSRI was the strongest predictor of BPSR, which significantly mediated CSRI's effect on BPV and BSAT alike. Findings show beneficiaries' perceived self-transformation is an indispensable mechanism linking CSR quality to value and satisfaction within Indonesia's state-owned enterprise context. Practically, the study yields a perception-based diagnostic instrument CSR managers can deploy directly, without the cost or complexity of full SROI implementation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erna Listiana, Herlan Herlan, Martoyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FinTech Literacy and Entrepreneurial Intention among MSMEs: Trust as Mediator and Perceived Risk Moderator Effects Model
The increasing integration of financial technology into MSME business activities has not always been accompanied by a corresponding growth in technology-based entrepreneurial intention, suggesting that technical competence by itself is insufficient to stimulate strategic forms of entrepreneurial behavior. This study integrates FinTech literacy, trust, and perceived risk within a single behavioral framework to explain entrepreneurial intention among MSMEs. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior together with insights from technology adoption studies, trust is positioned as a mediating psychological mechanism, while perceived risk is examined as a contingency factor shaping the effectiveness of trust. Employing a quantitative explanatory design, information was gathered from 210 MSME owners along with managers in the Solo Raya and Yogyakarta Special Region and subsequently examined using the Partial Least Squares approach to Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that FinTech literacy does not directly influence entrepreneurial intention; however, it exerts a significant indirect influence via trust. Furthermore, perceived risk serves as a negative moderating factor in the relationship between trust and entrepreneurial intention, weakening its influence under high-risk perceptions. This research advances the digital entrepreneurship literature by showing that FinTech literacy operates primarily through affective and risk-related mechanisms rather than as a direct driver of intention, and by empirically establishing perceived risk as a boundary condition in the trust–entrepreneurial intention relationship in the MSME context of a developing economy. Practically, the findings highlight the need for FinTech literacy initiatives and regulatory frameworks that emphasize trust-building and risk reduction to foster sustainable entrepreneurial behavior among MSMEs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suryo Budi Santoso, Fatmah Bagis, Herni Justiana Astuti, Meydy Fauziridwan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Multiple Routes to Manufacturing SME Performance in DKI Jakarta: An fsQCA Study of Entrepreneurial Orientation, Normative Pressure, and Dynamic Capabilities
This study explains why manufacturing SMEs in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia, achieve different performance outcomes under similar external conditions. Drawing on dynamic capability theory, it examines entrepreneurial orientation, normative pressure, and dynamic capabilities as interdependent configurations rather than isolated linear predictors. Using 314 calibrated SME responses, fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis evaluates five conditions: innovativeness, proactiveness, normative pressure, sensing capability, and reconfiguration capability. The results identify two robust pathways to positive performance, with overall solution coverage of 0.870 and consistency of 0.961, and two exploratory pathways to negative performance, with coverage of 0.835 and consistency of 0.767. Strong performance arises through a normatively supported proactive-sensing pathway and an entrepreneurial-capability pathway combining innovativeness, proactiveness, sensing, and reconfiguration. Weak performance occurs when firms sense external expectations but lack innovativeness and reconfiguration capability, or when all five conditions are absent. These negative configurations require caution because their consistency and PRI support are weaker. The findings show that sensing capability alone does not ensure superior performance; its contribution depends on alignment with entrepreneurial and reconfiguration capacities. The study advances SME performance research by demonstrating that configurational interdependencies explain outcomes more effectively than separate antecedents. It also reveals causal asymmetry between pathways producing strong and weak performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Darwin Raja Unggul Saragih, Wahyuningsih Santosa, Bahtiar Usman, Andri Dayarana K. Silalahi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Recruitment and Selection in Achieving Superior HR Performance in the Industrial Sector
This study examines the association between recruitment, selection, and human resource (HR) performance in Indonesia's industrial sector a context underrepresented in existing HR literature despite its distinct labor market characteristics, including a rapidly formalizing HR infrastructure and sector-specific skill demands in manufacturing, automotive, and textile industries. While prior studies confirm positive relationships between talent acquisition practices and employee performance, evidence from emerging economy industrial firms operating under semi-formalized HR systems remains limited, and the combined predictive role of recruitment and selection has rarely been tested within this context. Using a cross-sectional survey of 200 employees from industrial companies in Central Java and multiple linear regression analysis, this study finds that recruitment (β = 0.456, p < 0.001) and selection (β = 0.523, p < 0.001) are each positively associated with HR performance, together accounting for 67.8% of its variance (R² = 0.678). Because the design is cross-sectional, these results indicate association rather than causation. The findings suggest that more systematic and structured talent acquisition practices correspond with better employee performance outcomes, and offer sector-specific empirical evidence to inform HR policy in Indonesian industrial firms where formal recruitment and selection standards are still developing.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hesti Widianti, Arifia Yasmin, Hikmatul Maulidah, Bahri Kamal, Ririh Sri Harjanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
How Technology Readiness and Entrepreneurial Orientation Shape MSME Marketing Performance in Cirebon City, Indonesia
Many MSMEs now rely on digital technology in their everyday marketing activities, especially to reach customers and promote their products more efficiently. Using digital media, businesses can reach customers more easily, introduce products, and keep in touch with buyers. However, not all MSMEs get better marketing results from using technology. A main reason is that many businesses are not ready to use technology well in their work. While many studies have examined digital adoption and the entrepreneurial mindset, few have examined how readiness to adopt technology affects marketing success in MSMEs. This study examines how technology readiness and an entrepreneurial mindset impact marketing outcomes. It also examines whether an entrepreneurial mindset alters the effect of technology readiness on marketing success. The study collected data from 180 MSME owners and managers in Cirebon City, Indonesia. Participants were selected deliberately, and information was collected through questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results show that being ready to adopt technology is strongly linked to better marketing results. Having an entrepreneurial mindset also helps marketing success. However, the idea that an entrepreneurial mindset changes the effect of technology readiness was not supported. This means that being ready to use technology directly improves marketing results, regardless of entrepreneurial mindset. The findings show that digital marketing success in MSMEs depends heavily on how ready businesses are to use technology in their operations and decision-making.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siska Ernawati Fatimah; Badrudin Hadibrata https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Factors Influencing Sales Organization Effectiveness in State-Owned Banks in Bandung, West Java
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study analyzes the impact of sales management control strategies (SMCS), salesforce training (ST), and salesforce performance (SP) on the effectiveness of sales organizations (SOEs) in state-owned banks in Bandung, West Java. This study addresses the critical need to understand how digital technologies interact with the unique bureaucratic structures of the state-owned banking sector. Novelty: The novelty lies in the empirical testing of Salesforce Automation (SFA) as a moderation variable that bridges human resource development and strategic control. This research makes a theoretical contribution by examining whether automation improves the well-established managerial systems in traditional banking. Research Methods: Using quantitative methodology, data were collected from 350 sales managers at 3 state-owned banking institutions. Data was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test for immediate effects and moderation. Findings/Results: Findings show that SMCS, ST, and SP significantly and positively affect SOE, with ST emerging as the most dominant driver. Regarding moderation, SFA statistically strengthens the relationship between SMCS and ST and SOE. However, the effect of this interaction is modest in practical significance. Notably, SFA does not significantly moderate the relationship between SP and SOE. Conclusion: In the highly regulated banking sector, investing in human resources through systematic training remains more important to the success of an organization than technology adoption alone. SFA serves as a complementary and gradual tool that redefines the boundaries of efficiency without replacing the basic competencies of the salesforce.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syahputra, Yogi Suprayogi, Rajiv Dharma Mangruwa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Content Stimuli and Visit Intention toward a Korean-Themed Café: The Mediating Role of Muslimah Emotional Connection
This study investigates how User Generated Content (UGC) and Firm Generated Content (FGC) are associated with Visit Intention (VI), with Muslimah Emotional Connection (MEC) as a mediating variable in the context of Korean-themed café as a creative space. Although previous studies have widely examined the relationship between digital content and visit intention, limited research has explored how identity and emotional connections influence Muslimah consumers within Hallyu-inspired spaces. This study addresses this gap by conceptualizing MEC as an emotional mediator that reflects emotional comfort, identity congruence, and alignment with personal and religious values in the context of Korean-themed café experiences. Kolato Café in Bandung was selected as the research context due to its strong Hallyu-themed branding and active Instagram presence. Using the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework and the Theory of Interpersonal Behavior (TIB), this study employed a quantitative approach involving 292 respondents and analyzed the data using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that both UGC and FGC significantly influence MEC and VI, with UGC demonstrating a stronger influence on emotional connection (β = 0.481) compared to FGC. In addition, MEC partially mediates the relationships between digital content and visit intention. These findings extend the application of SOR and TIB by showing that emotional engagement among Muslimah consumers is shaped not only by digital attractiveness, but also by authenticity, emotional reassurance, and value compatibility. Practically, the study suggests that Korean-themed café businesses should encourage authentic consumer participation and develop culturally sensitive digital marketing strategies that strengthen emotional connection among Muslimah audiences.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ulfah Nurwahidah, Bethani Suryawardani, Ganjar Mohamad Disastra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Subcontractor Standing and the Requirement of Creditor Plurality in Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) Proceedings: A Case Study of Decision No. 27/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2024/PN.Niaga.Sby
This study examines the legal standing of subcontractors in Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) proceedings under Article 222 of Law No. 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations. Subcontractors often face legal vulnerability because they lack a direct contractual relationship with project owners despite fulfilling their contractual obligations. The central legal issue concerns whether subcontractors satisfy the creditor qualification required under Article 222 and thereby obtain legal protection in PKPU proceedings. This research employs normative legal methods using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, focusing on Decision No. 27/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2024/PN.Niaga.Sby. The analysis applies the doctrine of derdenbeding to assess the creation of enforceable rights for third parties within contractual arrangements, while John Rawls’s theory of justice evaluates whether judicial reasoning adequately protects economically vulnerable parties in construction disputes. The findings reveal that subcontractors may acquire creditor status when contractual structures and supplementary agreements expressly grant direct rights against project owners, thereby fulfilling the legal requirements for claim recognition in PKPU proceedings. The analyzed decision demonstrates that judicial recognition of creditor status depends not only on unpaid obligations but also on the existence of a legally enforceable relationship capable of generating a valid claim. This study contributes to insolvency and construction law scholarship by clarifying the doctrinal test for subcontractor standing in PKPU cases and demonstrating how derdenbeding clauses operationalize principles of fairness through judicial reasoning. Accordingly, PKPU functions as both a debt restructuring mechanism and a framework for balancing the interests of project owners, contractors, and subcontractors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Ikhsan, Siti Anisah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Collaborative Governance for Resilience (CORE) Model in Addressing Rice Security Issues in Banten Province, Indonesia
Agricultural production data for Banten Province, particularly unhusked rice, indicates a positive upward trend over the past three years, with a rice surplus reaching 76,133 tons by the end of June 2025. However, classic anomalies related to the rice distribution supply chain system persist. Premium and medium-grade rice prices remain high, often stockout from the market, as happened after the harvest season in August 2025. Distributors frequently produce adulterated rice to reduce production costs. Meanwhile, stakeholders involved in the distribution supply system, particularly small milling industries, small distributors, and unhusked rice processing industries, have experienced a decline in production, with many even ceasing operations. This study aims to identify issues within the rice distribution supply chain system and propose an appropriate governance model to address these issues. This article is the result of field research with a descriptive qualitative approach, where data collection methods was carried out by observation, analysis documentation study, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs). The results indicate that governance within the distribution system remains a serious issue in food security programs, particularly rice. This study also suggested that the Collaborative Resilience (CORE) model can be implemented to address food security issues, especially in the rice distribution supply chain system in Banten Province.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Ibrahim Rantau, Soviyan Munawar, Hilman, Tb.Yudi Muhtadi, Irvan Arif Kurniawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From 4ps to 4es: Drivers of Phygital Purchase Intention in Generations Y and Z
Introduction: At the start of 2024, Indonesia’s 185 million internet users and 139 million social media users formed a highly connected landscape where this research explores how the marketing mix’s evolution (from 4Ps to 4Cs to 4Es) associates with purchase intentions across Generation Y and Z in a phygital environment. Methods: Utilizing a quantitative approach, data from 372 valid Indonesian respondents were gathered via non-probability accidental sampling using a 4-point Likert scale. PLS-SEM was employed to analyse direct and total effects within the conceptual model. Results: The structural path analysis confirms that the marketing mix successfully evolves from the 4Ps, through the 4Cs, to the 4Es for both cohorts, identifying two distinct behavioural archetypes based on total effects. Generation Y operates as "Pragmatic Converters," whose purchase intent is significantly associated with the Place–Convenience–Everyplace pathway (Original Sample = 0.16, T Statistic = 3.32, and P Values = 0.00), prioritizing immediate accessibility and seamless utility. Conversely, Generation Z acts as "Sceptical Advocates," whose purchase intent is strongly tied to the Product–Customer–Experience pathway (Original Sample = 0.12, T Statistic = 2.32, and P Values = 0.02), requiring deep product validation and high-value, shareable experiences to overcome baseline marketing scepticism. Conclusion: Generation Y values frictionless utility, whereas Generation Z demands transparency and social currency. Consequently, businesses need cohort-specific strategies, maximizing convenience for Generation Y while delivering experience-driven content for Generation Z. The Pragmatic Converter and Skeptical Advocate archetypes provide a strategic roadmap for localized, experience-centric marketing.
Copyright (c) 2026 Djohan Gunawan, Y. Johny Natu Prihanto , Purnamaningsih Purnamaningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhance Eco-Handloom Product Performance: Entrepreneurial Orientation and Pro Competition Absorptive Capacity
In the Lake Toba region, a lot of weavers attempt to make eco-handloom items like ulos. However, in order to compete, they must improve their ability to absorb in order to make eco-handloom. In this regard, we aimed to assess the Product Performance using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in 242 weavers on the coast of Lake Toba in Indonesia. The impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Product Performance, with Pro Competition Absorptive Capacity as a moderator investigated in this study. According to the study's findings, eco-handloom weavers must have an entrepreneurial mindset in order to improve the performance of their products. The results shows that Entrepreneur Orientation effects on Product Performance is positive and significant. The moderating effects of Pro Competition Absorptive Capacity on the relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Product Performance is positive and significant. Businesses that adopt an entrepreneurial attitude are more equipped to innovate, adapt, and prosper in cutthroat marketplaces. According to the facts, integrating various viewpoints improves the weaver capacities and promotes long-term success.
Copyright (c) 2026 Liharman Saragih, Romindo M Pasaribu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Compensation Anomalies and Contextual Performance: The Moderating Role of Public Service Motivation Among Part-Time Employees
This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of compensation anomalies on contextual performance, as well as to explore the role of public service motivation as a moderating variable among part-time government employees in Dompu Regency. Compensation anomalies in this study are conceptualized as systemic deviations of a structural nature, encompassing uncertainty regarding payment schedules, ambiguity in wage regulations, and discrepancies between actual workloads and administrative legalities frequently experienced by contract employees. The study population consisted of 5,387 part-time employees (honorary staff), with a sample of 373 respondents. Primary data were collected via a questionnaire and analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method through SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of the data analysis indicate that compensation anomalies have a positive and significant effect on both contextual performance and motivation in public service. Theoretically, this finding is counterintuitive because financial uncertainty, which typically reduces performance, actually fosters a sense of shared adversity among employees in this study. Furthermore, Public Service Motivation (PSM) was found to have a positive effect on contextual performance and acts as a moderating variable that mitigates the impact of this anomaly. PSM functions as a psychological anchor that neutralizes compensation distortions through the idealism of public service. However, these findings must be interpreted cautiously as a reflection of a specific local sociocultural context; thus, their practical implications cannot be generalized to justify anomalous compensation systems in other regions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shoalihin, Firmansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Boosting Risk Management Performance through Human Capital Capacity, Managerial Commitment, and Effective Implementation Processes
Risk management in utility infrastructure depends on two behavioral foundations: technical competence of operational staff and strategic commitment of leaders. This study examines how human capital capacity and managerial commitment are associated with risk management implementation process, risk management effectiveness, and risk management performance at PT PLN (Persero) UIP3B Kalimantan. Prior studies emphasize technical risk frameworks, yet limited attention has been given to how organizational behavior and leadership commitment relate to implementation quality and perceived performance outcomes in state-owned utility settings. Data were collected through a census survey of 170 technical personnel directly involved in risk management activities, complemented by assessments from 12 supervisory performance raters. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to examine the hypothesized structural relationships. Results indicate that managerial commitment shows the strongest association with implementation quality, while human capital capacity shows a smaller but significant association. Implementation process and risk management effectiveness indicate a possible pathway linking behavioral inputs to perceived risk management performance. However, this pathway should be interpreted cautiously because the mediation effects are weak, the explained variance for effectiveness is low, and effectiveness and performance may share overlapping perceptual domains. The study is bounded by a single-organization, cross-sectional design with self-reported and supervisory perception-based measures; therefore, the findings should be generalized cautiously and validated through longitudinal designs and objective operational indicators.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nor Aprina Hadiani, Abdurrahman Sadikin, Mahdi Hidayatullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Human Resource Competencies in Enhancing Sustainable Performance of Aquaculture SMEs: The Mediating Effect of Adaptive Capability
This study examines the role of human resource competencies in enhancing sustainable performance in aquaculture small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) through the mediating role of adaptive capability. In increasingly competitive and uncertain business environments, many aquaculture SMEs face challenges in converting workforce competencies into sustainable long-term performance. Drawing on the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capabilities Theory, this study argues that human resource competencies constitute valuable organizational resources, while adaptive capability enables firms to reconfigure and utilize these resources effectively in response to environmental changes. Unlike prior studies that mainly focus on the direct relationship between human resources and performance, this research highlights adaptive capability as a key mechanism explaining how competencies contribute to sustainable outcomes within the informal human resource context of aquaculture SMEs. Data were collected from 250 owners and employees of aquaculture SMEs and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that human resource competencies significantly enhance adaptive capability (β = 0.56; p < 0.001), and adaptive capability significantly improves sustainable performance (β = 0.39; p < 0.001). Furthermore, adaptive capability partially mediates the relationship between human resource competencies and sustainable performance, suggesting that competencies contribute to performance both directly and indirectly through organizational adaptability. These findings demonstrate that sustainable performance depends not only on workforce competencies but also on the firm's ability to translate those competencies into adaptive operational practices. The study provides important implications for SME managers and policymakers in strengthening competency development and adaptive organizational routines to support long-term business sustainability and resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mei Rani Amalia, Agus Suroso, Ratno Purnomo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From Sustainability-Oriented Innovation to Circular Outcomes: Evidence from SMEs
Sustainability transitions in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) depend on more than innovation intent — they require business models capable of translating that intent into product-level outcomes. This study tests an integrated model linking sustainability-oriented innovation (SOI), sustainable business model innovation (SBMI), barriers to the circular economy (B-CE), and sustainable product innovation performance (SPIP), with market performance (MP) as the downstream outcome. B-CE is positioned as both a suppressor of business model renewal and a moderator of the link between renewal and product-level output. Survey data from 280 Indonesian SMEs across sectors were analyzed using PLS-SEM. All eight hypotheses were supported (p < 0.001), with large effect sizes across the endogenous constructs (R² = 0.646–0.719). The study's principal contribution lies in empirically specifying SBMI as a necessary mediator between innovation orientation and product outcomes — a relationship prior literature had proposed conceptually but never tested within an integrated, SME-level model. B-CE operates in a dual capacity: as a direct suppressor of SBMI (β = −0.519) and as a moderator weakening the SBMI–SPIP relationship (β = −0.288), with the conditional slope falling from 0.717 under low-barrier conditions to 0.141 under high-barrier conditions. Structural relationships remained broadly consistent across sectors — manufacturing, service, and trading — and firm size, with only two of eighteen multigroup comparisons reaching significance. For managers and policymakers, cultivating sustainability orientation without reconfiguring value architecture is unlikely to yield measurable gains, and reducing circular economy barriers matters as much as direct innovation investment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Doli Muhammad Ja’far Dalimunthe, Arif Qaedi Hutagalung, Dany Perdana Sitompul, Muhammad Dharma Tuah Putra Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bridging the Theory-Practice Gap: A Qualitative Portfolio Analysis of Consultancy-as-Pedagogy in Brand Management Education
In contemporary business education, a persistent "theory-practice gap" remains a critical challenge, particularly within marketing and brand management curricula where traditional instruction heavily relies on passive case studies of multinational corporations. To address this gap, this study evaluates the "Consultancy-as-Pedagogy" model, an experiential learning intervention where undergraduate students act as strategic brand consultants for real-world MSMEs. Within the authors’ institution, this gap was historically observed as an operational curriculum challenge. Adopting a Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) framework integrated with Kolb's Experiential Learning Cycle, this qualitative action research design systematically analysed 10 comprehensive, student-led strategic branding portfolios representing the collaborative work of 70 students across 10 distinct MSME cases in the Food & Beverage and Beauty sectors. Data were evaluated using Reflexive Thematic Analysis (RTA). The evaluation of the study focuses on student learning outcomes and student reflections on their engagement with MSME. The findings indicate that the model successfully yields immediate, mutually beneficial outcomes. Students demonstrated clear growth in professional readiness, shifting from passive learners to strategic problem-solvers, while MSME owners obtained highly localized, low-to-zero-budget branding assets explicitly tailored to their operational constraints. This research provides a grounded, realistic, and scalable framework for universities seeking to align academic learning with practical, community-based business development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yoanita Alexandra, Boby Arinto, Rajesh Prettypal Singh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
If Aesthetics Don’t Drive Gamer Enjoyment, What Does? Insight from Valorant Skin Purchases
The Free-to-Play (F2P) business model in the digital gaming market, exemplified by Valorant, relies primarily on a monetization strategy centered on In-App Purchases (IAP) of non-functional cosmetic goods and battle passes. Unlike functional microtransactions, these IAPs are defined as virtual assets that offer aesthetic or symbolic value without providing direct mechanical advantages to gameplay. This explanatory quantitative study adopts the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theory to test the influence of four primary stimuli, Competitive Edge, Aesthetic Dominance Effect, Perceived Scarcity, and Peer Validation Expectancy, on purchase intention through the mediating role of Perceived Enjoyment. Data were collected from 180 active Valorant players in Indonesia and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that Competitive Edge (β = 0.163, p = 0.039), Perceived Scarcity (β = 0.200, p = 0.018), and Peer Validation Expectancy (β = 0.362, p < 0.001) contribute significantly and positively to Perceived Enjoyment. However, the Aesthetic Dominance Effect was found to be non-significant (β = 0.111, p = 0.118), suggesting that visual complexity alone does not drive enjoyment in a competitive FPS context. Perceived Enjoyment was confirmed as a significant mediator, effectively converting psychological and social stimuli into Purchase Intention (β = 0.611, p < 0.001). This research contributes to the S-O-R framework by demonstrating the dominance of social signaling and mastery over pure aesthetics in the competitive gaming ecosystem. Managerially, developers are advised to implement responsible monetization by prioritizing social recognition systems and transparent scarcity triggers that enhance, rather than disrupt, the player’s hedonic experience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Sa’ad Trisnawijaya, Elia Ardyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
How Ethical Leadership Is Practiced in Public Bureaucracy: A Qualitative Inquiry
This study explores how ethical leadership is practiced and experienced by senior bureaucratic leaders in Indonesian public institutions. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews and document analysis involving eight experienced leaders from central and regional government organizations. The findings reveal three interrelated dimensions of ethical leadership: exemplary behavior, moral courage in high-risk decision-making, and relational justice toward subordinates, particularly in regulatory gray areas. These results suggest that ethical leadership is enacted as a contextually grounded and reflective moral practice, extending beyond formal compliance. The study highlights the relevance of integrating moral reasoning into leadership development while providing an experience-based perspective on ethical leadership in public administration.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jemi Pabisangan Tahirs, Otto Randa Payangan, Angelino Dos Santos, Muhammad Ichwan Musa, Yogi Hady Afrizal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Methodological and Behavioural Drivers of Valuation Decision-Making in Property Markets: A Systematic Literature Review
Property valuation is a core function in organizational asset management, directly informing decisions related to investment, financing, and strategic resource allocation. Despite growing adoption of analytical models and automated valuation technologies, outcomes remain substantially influenced by professional judgement, organizational processes, and institutional constraints. Prior reviews have examined either methodological advances—such as Abidoye and Chan's (2017) review of ANN-based valuation models and Glumac and Des Rosiers' (2018) examination of big data applications—or behavioural factors in isolation (e.g., Gallimore, 1996; Diaz & Hansz, 1997), leaving an integrative gap this study addresses. Following the PRISMA 2020 framework, 42 peer-reviewed articles were selected from Scopus, Web of Science, and Emerald Insight (March 2024) and analyzed through three-stage thematic analysis. Five themes emerged: (1) methodological evolution in valuation practice, (2) professional judgement and organizational decision-making, (3) behavioural bias in appraisal management, (4) technological transformation through automated valuation systems, and (5) institutional governance of valuation standards. The resulting conceptual framework, derived inductively from thematic coding of the 42 included studies, conceptualizes valuation as a hybrid decision-making process where scientific and managerial-behavioural dimensions—moderated by institutional and technological context—jointly shape valuation outcomes. This study contributes by providing the first systematic integration of methodological and behavioural perspectives in property valuation, offering actionable insights for asset managers, financial institutions, and policymakers seeking to enhance valuation reliability in data-driven property markets.
Copyright (c) 2026 Edy Riyanto, Prayudi Nugroho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Employer Branding, Leadership Behaviour, and Generation Z Career Intentions: The Mediating Role of Employer Attractiveness among Final-Year Students in Jambi Province, Indonesia
This study examines how employer branding and leadership behavior influence Generation Z’s career intentions during their transition from higher education to employment. In increasingly competitive labor markets, organizations rely on credible signals to shape job seekers’ perceptions; drawing on signaling theory, this study conceptualizes employer branding and leadership behavior as complementary signals that influence career intentions through employer attractiveness. Prior research has largely treated employer branding as an isolated predictor, with limited attention to leadership behavior as a parallel signal and few studies testing their combined effects within a mediation framework. Addressing this gap, the study employs a structured survey of 400 final-year undergraduate students from five accredited universities in Jambi Province, Indonesia, and analyzes the data using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicate that employer branding significantly influences career intention (β = 0.373; p < 0.001), while leadership behavior shows a stronger effect (β = 0.532; p < 0.001). Both employer branding (β = 0.378; p < 0.001) and leadership behavior (β = 0.612; p < 0.001) significantly affect employer attractiveness, which in turn predicts career intention (β = 0.609; p < 0.001). Mediation analysis reveals partial mediation, as both direct and indirect effects remain significant, with indirect effects of employer branding (β = 0.230; p < 0.001) and leadership behavior (β = 0.373; p < 0.001) on career intention through employer attractiveness. Given the cross-sectional design, the findings indicate associations rather than causality; however, they provide context-sensitive insights into signaling mechanisms in environments with limited access to organizational information and suggest that organizations may enhance employer attractiveness to potentially improve early-stage recruitment outcomes among Generation Z.
Copyright (c) 2026 Musthafa Luthfi, Noviardi Ferzi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Comparative Systematic Literature Review of Policies Enhancing Women’s Electoral Participation in Indonesia, India, and Canada
This study examines comparative policy approaches to enhancing women’s electoral participation in Indonesia, India, and Canada through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The study addresses a gap in comparative gender policy literature by synthesizing cross-national evidence regarding how institutional design, affirmative action mechanisms, and socio-political contexts shape women’s electoral participation across different democratic systems. Unlike prior studies that mainly emphasize single-country analysis, this review develops a comparative framework for evaluating the effectiveness and limitations of women’s electoral participation policies. The review employed the PRISMA protocol using articles indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar published between 2014 and 2025. Inclusion criteria covered peer-reviewed English-language studies discussing women’s electoral participation, quota policies, political representation, and electoral reform in Indonesia, India, or Canada. Following screening, eligibility assessment, and duplicate removal, 32 articles were selected for analysis. The comparison focused on policy design, institutional implementation, and substantive outcomes of women’s participation and representation. The findings reveal substantial differences in policy effectiveness across the three countries. Indonesia’s 30% legislative quota policy has increased women’s descriptive representation, yet substantive participation remains constrained by patriarchal political culture and weak party support. India’s reservation policy at the local governance level has strengthened grassroots political participation, although proxy representation and socio-cultural barriers persist. Canada demonstrates comparatively stronger outcomes through integrated gender-sensitive reforms, leadership development, and institutional support mechanisms. The study concludes that quota policies alone are insufficient without broader institutional support, inclusive political structures, and socio-cultural transformation to achieve substantive gender equality in electoral participation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sapardiyono, Al Fauzi Rahmat, Galih Bagas Soesilo, Elita Laili Hanifah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing SME Export Performance through Export Sharing Communities, Export Market Orientation, and Export Digital Agility: A Mediation Analysis
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia continue to face a persistent export performance gap compared with comparable ASEAN economies. Although previous studies have examined collaborative networks, market orientation, and digital capabilities separately or in pairs, little is known about their integrated role in improving SME export performance. This study addresses this gap by developing and testing an empirical model integrating Export Sharing Community (ESC), Export Market Orientation (EMO), and Export Digital Agility (EDA), with EMO and EDA proposed as complementary mediators. Using a cross-sectional survey of 215 exporting SMEs across Indonesia, data were collected through structured questionnaires employing five-point Likert scales adapted from validated measures. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM–AMOS 24) was used to test the proposed model, while mediation effects were assessed using standardized indirect effects and the Sobel test. Results show that all eight hypothesized relationships are positive and significant. ESC directly improves export performance while strengthening EMO and EDA, and EMO also positively influences EDA. EDA is the strongest direct predictor of export performance (β = 0.465), whereas both EMO and EDA significantly mediate the relationship between ESC and export performance. The model explains 72.0% of the variance in export performance, highlighting the complementary roles of export communities, market orientation, and digital agility in enhancing SME export competitiveness in an increasingly digitalized global market.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bintoro Bagus Purmono, Ramadania, Wenny Pebrianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
How Social Media Marketing Management Builds Brand Loyalty through Customer Engagement: Evidence from the F&B Industry in Indonesia
Introduction: This study examines how social media marketing contributes to brand loyalty in Indonesia’s food and beverage (F&B) industry by explicitly testing customer engagement as the mediating mechanism, addressing prior debate on whether social media influences loyalty directly or primarily through engagement while highlighting the study’s novelty in demonstrating a partial mediation model in which the indirect pathway is slightly stronger than the direct effect. Methods: A quantitative survey was conducted with 400 millennial and Generation Z consumers selected using purposive (criterion-based) sampling from online communities of F&B brand followers on Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook. Data were collected through a structured Likert-scale questionnaire and analysed using SEM-PLS with bootstrapping procedures. Results: The findings indicate that social media significantly affects customer engagement (β = 0.68; p < 0.001) and brand loyalty directly (β = 0.40; p < 0.01). In addition, social media influences brand loyalty indirectly through customer engagement (β = 0.401; p < 0.01), confirming a partial mediation model in which customer engagement serves as a mediator and the indirect pathway is slightly stronger than the direct pathway. Conclusion: Brand loyalty in the F&B industry is not generated merely through social media presence but through the effective management of consumers’ cognitive, emotional, and behavioural engagement. Social media functions as a strategic managerial tool when it is leveraged to foster meaningful and interactive engagement, which represents the more dominant pathway in strengthening loyalty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Novi Angga Safitri, Muhammad Riza Hafizi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Testing the Mediating Role of Work Engagement between Work Environment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Generation Z Employees
This study examines the relationship between work environment, work engagement, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) among Generation Z employees in Bekasi, Indonesia. Previous studies generally report that work engagement mediates the relationship between supportive workplace conditions and positive organizational behavior. However, limited evidence explains whether this mechanism operates similarly among Generation Z employees in urban workplaces characterized by digital communication, workplace flexibility, and rapidly changing work expectations. This context provides a meaningful boundary condition for Social Exchange Theory (SET) and Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) Theory into positive workplace behavior. Using a quantitative cross-sectional survey, data were collected from 202 Generation Z employees working in various organizations in Bekasi, Indonesia. The proposed relationships were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings show that a supportive work environment positively and significantly influences both work engagement and OCB. However, work engagement does not significantly affect OCB and fails to mediate the relationship between work environment and OCB (β = −0.017, p > 0.05). These findings suggest that supportive workplace conditions directly encourage discretionary organizational behavior without requiring strong psychological attachment to work. Practically, organizations should prioritize supportive work environments, effective communication, teamwork, and collaborative organizational climates to strengthen OCB among Generation Z employees. Because this study focuses on Generation Z employees in Bekasi, the findings should be interpreted within this context. The study contributes to SET and JD-R Theory by demonstrating that work engagement may not always function as a mediating mechanism in explaining OCB among younger digital-oriented employees.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indri Guslina, Mohammad Fayruz, Adrian Adha, Giharjo Giharjo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0