Article Sidebar

Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 22 Download : 6

Main Article Content

Abstract

The development of digital technology in Indonesia has significantly influenced social life and economic activities. One growing phenomenon is the involvement of children in digital-based commercial activities, such as social media content creation, live-streaming sales, and online product endorsements. While these activities offer economic opportunities and creative expression, they also pose serious legal risks, particularly concerning the protection of children from economic and psychological exploitation. Normatively, child protection in Indonesia is regulated under Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection, Law No. 11 of 2008 in conjunction with Law No. 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions, and Law No. 21 of 2007 on the Eradication of Human Trafficking. However, these regulations do not specifically address children’s involvement in digital commercial activities. This research employs an empirical juridical method by combining statutory analysis with field data obtained through interviews and observations involving parents, legal practitioners, and child protection institutions. The findings indicate that the absence of specific regulations governing digital child protection, along with weak supervision, increases the risk of economic and psychological exploitation of children. The novelty of this study lies in examining the relationship between Indonesian positive law and the practical realities of children’s participation in digital commerce. This research recommends the establishment of specific legal regulations, the strengthening of parental supervision, and increased accountability of digital platforms to ensure effective protection of children’s rights in the digital era.

Keywords

Child Protection Digital Era Online Sales Positive Law Indonesian Law

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Arsyad, S. R., & Mulyani, L. W. (2026). Online Sales Activities Conducted by Adults and Involving Children in the Perspective of Positive Law in Indonesia. Ilomata International Journal of Social Science, 7(1), 360-369. https://doi.org/10.61194/ijss.v7i1.2002

References

  1. Anjani, P. A., & Setyorini, E. H. (2025). Penolakan Penyediaan Alat Kontrasepsi Bagi Anak Dalam Perspektif Teori Perlindungan Anak oleh Arif Gosita. Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI), 3(1).
  2. Asshiddiqie, J. (2023). Building a Constitutional Awareness Culture to Create a Democratic Law State. PETITA, 8, 1. https://doi.org/10.22373/petita.v7i2.128
  3. DataReportal. (2024). Digital 2024: Indonesia - Global Digital Insights. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2024-indonesia
  4. Donkoh, S., & Mensah, J. (2023). Application of triangulation in qualitative research. Journal of Applied Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 10(1), 6–9. https://doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2023.10.00319
  5. European Union. (2016). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (General Data Protection Regulation). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679
  6. Fadilla, N. (2016). Upaya Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Sebagai Korban Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang. Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan, 5(2), 181–194. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.5.2.2016.181-194
  7. Ferlian, M. A. (2024). Eksploitasi Anak dalam Berjualan pada Live Streaming Media Sosial. UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.
  8. Fikri, M. R., Panjaitan, A. R., & Anggraini, A. E. (2025). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Eksploitasi Anak di Media Sosial. Al-Muqaranah: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum Dan Mazhab, 3(1).
  9. Hadjon, P. M. (1987). Perlindungan Hukum bagi Rakyat di Indonesia. Bina Ilmu.
  10. Harahap, S. H. (2024). Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pelaku Eksploitasi Anak Melalui Media Sosial. Legal Standing: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 8(2), 396–408. https://doi.org/10.24269/ls.v8i2.9294
  11. Ilhami, A. (2022). Implikasi teori perkembangan kognitif Piaget pada anak usia sekolah dasar. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 7(2), 605–619. https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v7i2.6564
  12. Jauhari, J., & Tanjung, A. (2025). Legal Protection of Health Workers from a Criminal Law Perspective. Jurnal Ilmiah Dunia Hukum, 10(1), 87–102.
  13. Livingstone, S., & Bulger, M. (2014). A global research agenda for children’s rights in the digital age. Journal of Children and Media, 8(4), 317–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2014.961496
  14. Livingstone, S., & O’Neill, B. (2014). Children’s rights online: Challenges and dilemmas. In Minding Minors Wandering the Web (pp. 19–38). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-005-3_2
  15. Mahka, M. F. R., Umar, N., Zuhriyah, S., & Sukanda, N. L. (2023). Strategi Hukum Preventif dalam Meningkatkan Perlindungan Anak di Era Digital. Prosiding Sisfotek, 7(1), 371–379.
  16. Putra, K. W. D., & Subawa, I. M. (2018). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak yang Berkonflik dengan Hukum. Kertha Wicara: Journal Ilmu Hukum, 7(3), 1–6.
  17. Putri, S. H., Heriamariaty, H., & Jalianery, J. (2025). Legal Analysis of Sharenting Practices in the Digital Era. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 5(4), 3142–3153. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i4.1712
  18. Sari, W. C. K. (2022). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak sebagai Korban Kejahatan Eksploitasi Seksual. IPMHI Law Journal, 2(1), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.15294/ipmhi.v2i1.53747
  19. Sihotang, A. P., & others. (2023). Tinjauan Hukum Terhadap Tindakan Cyberbullying oleh Remaja. Jurnal Komunikasi, 1(6), 285–293.
  20. Sitorus, D. R., & others. (2025). Kekosongan Regulasi atas Sharenting Komersial. Jurnal ISO, 5(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.53697/iso.v5i1.2463
  21. Suparto, S., & Drajat, M. R. R. (2024). Penguatan Perlindungan Hukum Konsumen Anak di Era Digital. Acta Diurnal, 7(2), 256–270.
  22. Tahir, R., & Lestari, T. Y. (2025). Children’s Digital Rights: An In-depth Analysis. Eduvest, 5(2), 1942–1964. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v5i2.50770
  23. Republic of the Philippines. (1987). The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Manila: Official Gazette.
  24. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik.
  25. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2002 Nomor 109.
  26. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak. Lembaran Negara RI Tahun 2014 Nomor 203.
  27. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2007 Nomor 112.
  28. UNICEF Indonesia. (2023). Online Knowledge and Practice of Children in Indonesia – A Baseline Study 2023. Diakses dari https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/media/22561/file/infographic-online-knowledge-practice-Indonesia-baseline-study-2023.pdf.pdf
  29. United Kingdom. (2014). The Children (Performances and Activities) (England) Regulations 2014 (S.I. 2014/3309). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2014/3309
  30. United Nations. Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York: UN; 1989. Ratified by Indonesia through Presidential Decree No. 36 of 1990.